pVSV-G

pVSV-G

pVSV-G载体基本信息：

pVSV-G载体质粒图谱和多克隆位点信息：

pVSV-G载体特征

• CMV promoter: 1–768

• Rabbit β-globin IVS: 768–1432

• VSV-G envelope gene:

Start codon: 1450–1452; stop codon: 2983–2985

• β-globin poly A: 3288–3293

• Col E1 origin of replication

Site of replication initiation: 4087

• Ampicillin resistance gene (β-lactamase):

Start codon: 5712–5710; stop codon: 4853–4851

pVSV-G载体简介：

慢病毒包装质粒pPACKH1-REV使用方法——慢病毒包装与转染方法

Production of lentiviral viral stocks requires HIV-1 gag, pol, and rev gene products and vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) protein encoded by helper plasmids. In general, at least two helper plasmids are required, with one plasmid expressing the Gag-Pol polyprotein and an accessory protein Rev and the other expressing VSV-G as envelop protein to increase cell tropism. Nevertheless, Gag-Pol and Rev proteins can be expressed from separated plasmids as well. Therefore, a three-plasmid system or a four-plasmid system can be used to generate viral stocks, depending on the source and nature of the helper plasmids. In the three-plasmid system, lentiviral transfer vector is cotransfected with two helper plasmids (Gag-Pol + Rev and VSV-G) into cells, while in the four-plasmid system; lentiviral transfer vector is cotransfected with three helper plasmids (Gag-Pol, Rev and VSV-G). It is generally considered to be safer to produce the lentiviral stocks with more helper plasmids, due to the reduced chance of recombination among all vectors that generates replication-competent viruses.   The manufacturers of transfection reagents, the suppliers of lentiviral packaging constructs, and many academic laboratories have provided protocols for producing lentiviral stocks. The following procedure is provided as an example only. We produce lentiviral stocks in 293T cells using the transfection conditions summarized in a table below.    
 

Below we have listed the commonly used vectors for lentiviral packaging.

1 For example: pCMV-deltaR8.91 (TRC), psPAX2 (Addgene)

2 For example: pMDLg/pRRE (Addgene), pLP1 (Invitrogen), pPACKH1-GAG (SBI)

3 For example: pRSV-REV (Addgene), pLP2 (Invitrogen), pPACKH1-REV (SBI)

4 For example: pMD.G (TRC), pMD2.G (Addgene), pCMV-VSV-G (Addgene), pVSV-G (SBI), pLP/VSVG (Invitrogen)

Note: The transfection reagent Lipofectamine™ 2000 (LF2000, Invitrogen) is preferred for transfection. The average lentiviral titers in our preparations are around 5 x 106 - 5 x 107 infection units per ml (IU/ml) when titered with 293T cells.

Day 0: Seed 6.0 × 106 (1.0 × 106) 293T cells in a 10-cm plate (6-well plate), so that the cell density will be around 1.0 × 107 (1.7 × 106) at the time of transduction.

Day 1: Gently mix 45.0 (7.5) μl LF2000 and 1.5 (0.25) ml Opti-MEM medium and incubate at room temperature for 5 minutes. Meanwhile, gently mix 18.0 (3.0) μg in total of lentiviral transfer vector and helper plasmids mixture into 1.5 (0.25) ml Opti-MEM medium (Invitrogen).

Gently mix DNA and LF2000, incubate at room temperature for 20 minutes to allow DNA and lipid to form complexes. In the meantime, replace the overnight culture medium with 5.0 (1.0) ml DMEM + 10% FBS without antibiotics. Add the 3.0 (0.5) ml DNA-LF2000 complexes to 293T cells.

Note: We have noticed that fetal bovine serum purchased from different manufacturers may affect the attachment of 293T cells to the bottom of tissue culture plates, resulting in variation in the efficiency of lentiviral production. We recommend switching to a different brand of FBS if 293T cells disattach from plates during lentiviral production.

Day 2: Replace the media containing the DNA-LF2000 complexes with 10.0 (2.0) ml complete medium at 12-16 hours post-transfection.

Day4: Collect supernatants at 48 hours post-transfection and transfer media to a polypropylene storage tube. Spin the virus-containing media at 1300 rpm for 5 minutes to pellet any 293T cells that were carried over during collection. Carefully transfer the supernatant to a sterile polypropylene storage tube.

Note: Lentiviral stock may be stored at 4 °C for up to 5 days, but should be aliquoted and frozen at -80 °C for long-term storage.

Suggestion: To reduce the number of freeze and thaw cycles, aliquot lentiviral stock to smaller tubes before storage at -80 °C.

Titering the lentiviral stocks

It is important to titer the lentiviral stocks in the cell line of interest to produce consistent results using the equivalent multiplicity of infection (MOI) in experiments. Knowing MOI will help you to control the copy number of lenti-cDNA integrated into the chromosomes of the cells of interest. While titering virus with antibiotic selection, the titering procedure includes selection of stably transduced cells with the corresponding antibiotics and counting the antibiotic-resistant cell colonies. Alternatively, a flow cytometry can be used to determine the viral titer by measuring the number of green (or red) fluorescent cells. If you are using both methods to titer your lentiviruses, please keep in mind that the titers may be different due to sensitivities of FACS machine and cell lines resistant to drug selection.

Please be aware the lenti-cDNA virus titer may be underestimated when antibiotic selection or flow cytometry is deployed to determine the titer. For example, the transduced cells with single integration event may not be selected due to low level of selection marker expression by IRES.

A. Determination of lentiviral titers by antibiotics selection.

Day 0: Seed the cells of your choice in a 6-well plate so that the cell density that will be ~25-50% confluent at the time of transduction.

Day 1: Thaw lentiviral stock, gently mix virus and then prepare 2 ml 10-fold serial dilutions ranging from 10-3 to 10-7 in complete medium containing 5-8 μg/ml polybrene.

Remove the medium from previous day and add 2 ml fresh dilutions into each well.

Suggestion: Leave one well uninfected for mock control. Spin transduction in a desktop centrifuge (e.g. Sorvall RT6000) at 1,000 × g for 30-60 min at room temperature may be necessary if titering virus in cell lines other than 293T.

Day 2: Replace the medium containing virus and polybrene with 2 ml of complete medium.

Day 3-4: Replace medium with fresh medium containing antibiotic to select for stably transduced cells.

Note: At least 48 hours of transduction allows lenti-cDNA to integrate into the host genome. The optimal antibiotic concentration varies from cell line to cell line.

Suggestion: A pilot experiment should be performed to determine the minimum concentration of antibiotics required to kill the untransduced cells before this experiment.

Day 5-6: Replace medium with 2 ml fresh medium containing antibiotic every 2 days.

Day 7-8: Allow antibiotic-resistant colonies to form in dilution wells. No live cells should be growing in the mock control well.

Note: The number of days required for the formation of visible colonies may vary among different cell lines.

Wash wells twice with 2 ml PBS

Stain cells with 1 ml 0.5% crystal violet solution in 20% ethanol and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature.

Wash wells with distilled water by submerging the plate in a tray full of water, and repeat the wash one more time.

Dry the plate and count the number of blue-stained colonies.

The titer should be the average colony number times the dilution factor.

Note: The transduction efficiency varies from cell line to cell line. The lentiviral titer in the cell line of your interest may be lower (sometimes more than 10-fold) or higher than the virus titer in commonly used cell lines such as 293T cells.

B. Determination of lentiviral titers by flow cytometry.

Day 0: Seed the cell of your choice in a 6-well plate so that the cell density that will be ~25-50% confluent at the time of transduction.

Note: The number of cells seeded in the well is required to calculate lentiviral titer later.

Day 1: Thaw lentiviral stock, gently mix virus and then prepare 2 ml 10-fold serial dilutions ranging from 10-1 to 10-4 in complete medium containing 5-8 μg/ml polybrene.

Remove the medium from previous day and add 2 ml fresh dilutions into each well.

Suggestion: Leave one well uninfected for mock control. Spin transduction in a desktop centrifuge (e.g. Sorvall RT6000) at 1,000 × g for 30-60 min at room temperature may be necessary if titering virus in cell lines other than 293T.

Day 2: Replace the medium containing virus and polybrene with 2 ml of complete medium.

Day 3-4: Follow your lab protocol to collect and resuspend cells for flow cytometry to determine the percentage of green or red fluorescent cells.

Note: At least 48 hours of transduction allows lenti-cDNA to integrate into the host genome.

The titer should be the average number of live fluorescent cells times the dilution factor.

Note: The transduction efficiency varies from cell line to cell line. The lentiviral titer in the cell line of your interest may be lower (sometimes more than 10-fold) or higher than the virus titer in commonly used cell lines such as 293T cells.

Example: 1 × 105 cells were seeded on Day 0 and the cell doubling time is around 24 hours. The FACS data showed 5% and 40% of green fluorescence cells in the 10-3 and 10-2 dilution wells, respectively. The lentiviral titer is calculated by multiplying the fraction of transduced cells by 2 × 105 (the expected number of cells in the well on Day 1, the time of transduction), and by the dilution factor.

0.05 × (2 × 105) × 103 = 1 × 107

0.4 × (2 × 105) × 102 = 8 × 106

The average lentiviral titer is 9 × 106 IU/ml

Lentiviral Transduction for Gene Expression.

Day 0: Seed cells at appropriate density.

Suggestion: Plate cells so that cell density will be ~10-25% confluent at the time of transduction.

Day 1: Transduction. Remove the medium from the tissue culture plate by aspiration and replace it with fresh complete medium containing 5-8 μg/ml polybrene. Gently mix lentivirus with pipette tip, and add appropriate amount of virus to each well.

Note: (1) Polybrene may be toxic to some cell lines. (2) The non-concentrated and non-purified lentiviral stock collected from 293T supernatant may contain substances affecting the target cell growth, especially when a large volume of low-titer lentiviral stock is added. In case the lentiviral stock inhibits cell growth, concentration and purification of the viruses may be required. (See below for a protocol of virus concentration) Alternatively, incubation time for transduction can be shortened to hours. For example, the virus-containing medium may be replaced with fresh medium after one hour of transduction.

Suggestion: Transduce cells at multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 to determine the optimal expression level. Spin transduction in a desktop centrifuge (e.g. Sorvall RT6000) at 1,000 × g for 30-60 min at room temperature helps increase of transduction efficiency.

Day 2: Replace the transduction medium with fresh complete medium to remove lentivirus and polybrene.

Day 3-4: Select transduced cells (>50% confluence is recommended) with medium containing appropriate antibiotics or by flow cytometry to sort out fluorescence-positive cells if necessary.

Note: The optimal antibiotic concentration varies from cell line to cell line.

Suggestion: A pilot experiment should be performed to determine the minimum concentration of antibiotic required to kill the untransduced cells before this experiment.

Day 6+: Analysis of transduced cells.

Suggestion: Expand the culture of cell lines stably expressing GOI and store the cell line stocks in liquid nitrogen before analyzing the cells.

Optional: Concentration of lentivirus by ultracentrifugation

1.   Filter lentivirus through a 0.45 μm filter.

2.   Centrifuge at 25,000 rpm for 90 minutes in a SW-28 or SW-41 rotor.

3.   Discard the supernatant and use a Pasteur pipette with an attached P100 tip to carefully remove the remaining medium.

4.   Gently resuspend viral pellet in 1/100 volume of DMEM. Let the virus suspension sit for overnight at 4° C.

5.   On the following day, mix gently, aliquot and freeze virus.

pVSV-G载体序列：

ORIGIN

        1 GCGGCCGCTC TAGAGAGCTT GGCCCATTGC ATACGTTGTA TCCATATCAT AATATGTACA

       61 TTTATATTGG CTCATGTCCA ACATTACCGC CATGTTGACA TTGATTATTG ACTAGTTATT

      121 AATAGTAATC AATTACGGGG TCATTAGTTC ATAGCCCATA TATGGAGTTC CGCGTTACAT

      181 AACTTACGGT AAATGGCCCG CCTGGCTGAC CGCCCAACGA CCCCCGCCCA TTGACGTCAA

      241 TAATGACGTA TGTTCCCATA GTAACGCCAA TAGGGACTTT CCATTGACGT CAATGGGTGG

      301 AGTATTTACG GTAAACTGCC CACTTGGCAG TACATCAAGT GTATCATATG CCAAGTACGC

      361 CCCCTATTGA CGTCAATGAC GGTAAATGGC CCGCCTGGCA TTATGCCCAG TACATGACCT

      421 TATGGGACTT TCCTACTTGG CAGTACATCT ACGTATTAGT CATCGCTATT ACCATGGTGA

      481 TGCGGTTTTG GCAGTACATC AATGGGCGTG GATAGCGGTT TGACTCACGG GGATTTCCAA

      541 GTCTCCACCC CATTGACGTC AATGGGAGTT TGTTTTGGCA CCAAAATCAA CGGGACTTTC

      601 CAAAATGTCG TAACAACTCC GCCCCATTGA CGCAAATGGG CGGTAGGCGT GTACGGTGGG

      661 AGGTCTATAT AAGCAGAGCT CGTTTAGTGA ACCGTCAGAT CGCCTGGAGA CGCCATCCAC

      721 GCTGTTTTGA CCTCCATAGA AGACACCGGG ACCGATCCAG CCTCCGGTCG ACCGATCCTG

      781 AGAACTTCAG GGTGAGTTTG GGGACCCTTG ATTGTTCTTT CTTTTTCGCT ATTGTAAAAT

      841 TCATGTTATA TGGAGGGGGC AAAGTTTTCA GGGTGTTGTT TAGAATGGGA AGATGTCCCT

      901 TGTATCACCA TGGACCCTCA TGATAATTTT GTTTCTTTCA CTTTCTACTC TGTTGACAAC

      961 CATTGTCTCC TCTTATTTTC TTTTCATTTT CTGTAACTTT TTCGTTAAAC TTTAGCTTGC

     1021 ATTTGTAACG AATTTTTAAA TTCACTTTTG TTTATTTGTC AGATTGTAAG TACTTTCTCT

     1081 AATCACTTTT TTTTCAAGGC AATCAGGGTA TATTATATTG TACTTCAGCA CAGTTTTAGA

     1141 GAACAATTGT TATAATTAAA TGATAAGGTA GAATATTTCT GCATATAAAT TCTGGCTGGC

     1201 GTGGAAATAT TCTTATTGGT AGAAACAACT ACACCCTGGT CATCATCCTG CCTTTCTCTT

     1261 TATGGTTACA ATGATATACA CTGTTTGAGA TGAGGATAAA ATACTCTGAG TCCAAACCGG

     1321 GCCCCTCTGC TAACCATGTT CATGCCTTCT TCTCTTTCCT ACAGCTCCTG GGCAACGTGC

     1381 TGGTTGTTGT GCTGTCTCAT CATTTTGGCA AAGAATTCCT CGACGGATCC CTCGAGGAAT

     1441 TCTGACACTA TGAAGTGCCT TTTGTACTTA GCCTTTTTAT TCATTGGGGT GAATTGCAAG

     1501 TTCACCATAG TTTTTCCACA CAACCAAAAA GGAAACTGGA AAAATGTTCC TTCTAATTAC

     1561 CATTATTGCC CGTCAAGCTC AGATTTAAAT TGGCATAATG ACTTAATAGG CACAGCCTTA

     1621 CAAGTCAAAA TGCCCAAGAG TCACAAGGCT ATTCAAGCAG ACGGTTGGAT GTGTCATGCT

     1681 TCCAAATGGG TCACTACTTG TGATTTCCGC TGGTATGGAC CGAAGTATAT AACACATTCC

     1741 ATCCGATCCT TCACTCCATC TGTAGAACAA TGCAAGGAAA GCATTGAACA AACGAAACAA

     1801 GGAACTTGGC TGAATCCAGG CTTCCCTCCT CAAAGTTGTG GATATGCAAC TGTGACGGAT

     1861 GCCGAAGCAG TGATTGTCCA GGTGACTCCT CACCATGTGC TGGTTGATGA ATACACAGGA

     1921 GAATGGGTTG ATTCACAGTT CATCAACGGA AAATGCAGCA ATTACATATG CCCCACTGTC

     1981 CATAACTCTA CAACCTGGCA TTCTGACTAT AAGGTCAAAG GGCTATGTGA TTCTAACCTC

     2041 ATTTCCATGG ACATCACCTT CTTCTCAGAG GACGGAGAGC TATCATCCCT GGGAAAGGAG

     2101 GGCACAGGGT TCAGAAGTAA CTACTTTGCT TATGAAACTG GAGGCAAGGC CTGCAAAATG

     2161 CAATACTGCA AGCATTGGGG AGTCAGACTC CCATCAGGTG TCTGGTTCGA GATGGCTGAT

     2221 AAGGATCTCT TTGCTGCAGC CAGATTCCCT GAATGCCCAG AAGGGTCAAG TATCTCTGCT

     2281 CCATCTCAGA CCTCAGTGGA TGTAAGTCTA ATTCAGGACG TTGAGAGGAT CTTGGATTAT

     2341 TCCCTCTGCC AAGAAACCTG GAGCAAAATC AGAGCGGGTC TTCCAATCTC TCCAGTGGAT

     2401 CTCAGCTATC TTGCTCCTAA AAACCCAGGA ACCGGTCCTG CTTTCACCAT AATCAATGGT

     2461 ACCCTAAAAT ACTTTGAGAC CAGATACATC AGAGTCGATA TTGCTGCTCC AATCCTCTCA

     2521 AGAATGGTCG GAATGATCAG TGGAACTACC ACAGAAAGGG AACTGTGGGA TGACTGGGCA

     2581 CCATATGAAG ACGTGGAAAT TGGACCCAAT GGAGTTCTGA GGACCAGTTC AGGATATAAG

     2641 TTTCCTTTAT ACATGATTGG ACATGGTATG TTGGACTCCG ATCTTCATCT TAGCTCAAAG

     2701 GCTCAGGTGT TCGAACATCC TCACATTCAA GACGCTGCTT CGCAACTTCC TGATGATGAG

     2761 AGTTTATTTT TTGGTGATAC TGGGCTATCC AAAAATCCAA TCGAGCTTGT AGAAGGTTGG

     2821 TTCAGTAGTT GGAAAAGCTC TATTGCCTCT TTTTTCTTTA TCATAGGGTT AATCATTGGA

     2881 CTATTCTTGG TTCTCCGAGT TGGTATCCAT CTTTGCATTA AATTAAAGCA CACCAAGAAA

     2941 AGACAGATTT ATACAGACAT AGAGATGAAC CGACTTGGAA AGTAACTCAA ATCCTGCACA

     3001 ACAGATTCTT CATGTTTGGA CCAAATCAAC TTGTGATACC ATGCTCAAAG AGGCCTCAAT

     3061 TATATTTGAG TTTTTAATTT TTATGAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AACGGAATTC CTCGAGGGAT

     3121 CCGTCGAGGA ATTCACTCCT CAGGTGCAGG CTGCCTATCA GAAGGTGGTG GCTGGTGTGG

     3181 CCAATGCCCT GGCTCACAAA TACCACTGAG ATCTTTTTCC CTCTGCCAAA AATTATGGGG

     3241 ACATCATGAA GCCCCTTGAG CATCTGACTT CTGGCTAATA AAGGAAATTT ATTTTCATTG

     3301 CAATAGTGTG TTGGAATTTT TTGTGTCTCT CACTCGGAAG GACATATGGG AGGGCAAATC

     3361 ATTTAAAACA TCAGAATGAG TATTTGGTTT AGAGTTTGGC AACATATGCC CATATGCTGG

     3421 CTGCCATGAA CAAAGGTTGG CTATAAAGAG GTCATCAGTA TATGAAACAG CCCCCTGCTG

     3481 TCCATTCCTT ATTCCATAGA AAAGCCTTGA CTTGAGGTTA GATTTTTTTT ATATTTTGTT

     3541 TTGTGTTATT TTTTTCTTTA ACATCCCTAA AATTTTCCTT ACATGTTTTA CTAGCCAGAT

     3601 TTTTCCTCCT CTCCTGACTA CTCCCAGTCA TAGCTGTCCC TCTTCTCTTA TGGAGATCCC

     3661 TCGACGGATC GGCCGCAATT CGTAATCATG TCATAGCTGT TTCCTGTGTG AAATTGTTAT

     3721 CCGCTCACAA TTCCACACAA CATACGAGCC GGAAGCATAA AGTGTAAAGC CTGGGGTGCC

     3781 TAATGAGTGA GCTAACTCAC ATTAATTGCG TTGCGCTCAC TGCCCGCTTT CCAGTCGGGA

     3841 AACCTGTCGT GCCAGCTGCA TTAATGAATC GGCCAACGCG CGGGGAGAGG CGGTTTGCGT

     3901 ATTGGGCGCT CTTCCGCTTC CTCGCTCACT GACTCGCTGC GCTCGGTCGT TCGGCTGCGG

     3961 CGAGCGGTAT CAGCTCACTC AAAGGCGGTA ATACGGTTAT CCACAGAATC AGGGGATAAC

     4021 GCAGGAAAGA ACATGTGAGC AAAAGGCCAG CAAAAGGCCA GGAACCGTAA AAAGGCCGCG

     4081 TTGCTGGCGT TTTTCCATAG GCTCCGCCCC CCTGACGAGC ATCACAAAAA TCGACGCTCA

     4141 AGTCAGAGGT GGCGAAACCC GACAGGACTA TAAAGATACC AGGCGTTTCC CCCTGGAAGC

     4201 TCCCTCGTGC GCTCTCCTGT TCCGACCCTG CCGCTTACCG GATACCTGTC CGCCTTTCTC

     4261 CCTTCGGGAA GCGTGGCGCT TTCTCATAGC TCACGCTGTA GGTATCTCAG TTCGGTGTAG

     4321 GTCGTTCGCT CCAAGCTGGG CTGTGTGCAC GAACCCCCCG TTCAGCCCGA CCGCTGCGCC

     4381 TTATCCGGTA ACTATCGTCT TGAGTCCAAC CCGGTAAGAC ACGACTTATC GCCACTGGCA

     4441 GCAGCCACTG GTAACAGGAT TAGCAGAGCG AGGTATGTAG GCGGTGCTAC AGAGTTCTTG

     4501 AAGTGGTGGC CTAACTACGG CTACACTAGA AGAACAGTAT TTGGTATCTG CGCTCTGCTG

     4561 AAGCCAGTTA CCTTCGGAAA AAGAGTTGGT AGCTCTTGAT CCGGCAAACA AACCACCGCT

     4621 GGTAGCGGTG GTTTTTTTGT TTGCAAGCAG CAGATTACGC GCAGAAAAAA AGGATCTCAA

     4681 GAAGATCCTT TGATCTTTTC TACGGGGTCT GACGCTCAGT GGAACGAAAA CTCACGTTAA

     4741 GGGATTTTGG TCATGAGATT ATCAAAAAGG ATCTTCACCT AGATCCTTTT AAATTAAAAA

     4801 TGAAGTTTTA AATCAATCTA AAGTATATAT GAGTAAACTT GGTCTGACAG TTACCAATGC

     4861 TTAATCAGTG AGGCACCTAT CTCAGCGATC TGTCTATTTC GTTCATCCAT AGTTGCCTGA

     4921 CTCCCCGTCG TGTAGATAAC TACGATACGG GAGGGCTTAC CATCTGGCCC CAGTGCTGCA

     4981 ATGATACCGC GAGACCCACG CTCACCGGCT CCAGATTTAT CAGCAATAAA CCAGCCAGCC

     5041 GGAAGGGCCG AGCGCAGAAG TGGTCCTGCA ACTTTATCCG CCTCCATCCA GTCTATTAAT

     5101 TGTTGCCGGG AAGCTAGAGT AAGTAGTTCG CCAGTTAATA GTTTGCGCAA CGTTGTTGCC

     5161 ATTGCTACAG GCATCGTGGT GTCACGCTCG TCGTTTGGTA TGGCTTCATT CAGCTCCGGT

     5221 TCCCAACGAT CAAGGCGAGT TACATGATCC CCCATGTTGT GCAAAAAAGC GGTTAGCTCC

     5281 TTCGGTCCTC CGATCGTTGT CAGAAGTAAG TTGGCCGCAG TGTTATCACT CATGGTTATG

     5341 GCAGCACTGC ATAATTCTCT TACTGTCATG CCATCCGTAA GATGCTTTTC TGTGACTGGT

     5401 GAGTACTCAA CCAAGTCATT CTGAGAATAG TGTATGCGGC GACCGAGTTG CTCTTGCCCG

     5461 GCGTCAATAC GGGATAATAC CGCGCCACAT AGCAGAACTT TAAAAGTGCT CATCATTGGA

     5521 AAACGTTCTT CGGGGCGAAA ACTCTCAAGG ATCTTACCGC TGTTGAGATC CAGTTCGATG

     5581 TAACCCACTC GTGCACCCAA CTGATCTTCA GCATCTTTTA CTTTCACCAG CGTTTCTGGG

     5641 TGAGCAAAAA CAGGAAGGCA AAATGCCGCA AAAAAGGGAA TAAGGGCGAC ACGGAAATGT

     5701 TGAATACTCA TACTCTTCCT TTTTCAATAT TATTGAAGCA TTTATCAGGG TTATTGTCTC

     5761 ATGAGCGGAT ACATATTTGA ATGTATTTAG AAAAATAAAC AAATAGGGGT TCCGCGCACA

     5821 TTTCCCCGAA AAGTGCCACC TAAATTGTAA GCGTTAATAT TTTGTTAAAA TTCGCGTTAA

     5881 ATTTTTGTTA AATCAGCTCA TTTTTTAACC AATAGGCCGA AATCGGCAAA ATCCCTTATA

     5941 AATCAAAAGA ATAGACCGAG ATAGGGTTGA GTGTTGTTCC AGTTTGGAAC AAGAGTCCAC

     6001 TATTAAAGAA CGTGGACTCC AACGTCAAAG GGCGAAAAAC CGTCTATCAG GGCGATGGCC

     6061 CACTACGTGA ACCATCACCC TAATCAAGTT TTTTGGGGTC GAGGTGCCGT AAAGCACTAA

     6121 ATCGGAACCC TAAAGGGAGC CCCCGATTTA GAGCTTGACG GGGAAAGCCG GCGAACGTGG

     6181 CGAGAAAGGA AGGGAAGAAA GCGAAAGGAG CGGGCGCTAG GGCGCTGGCA AGTGTAGCGG

     6241 TCACGCTGCG CGTAACCACC ACACCCGCCG CGCTTAATGC GCCGCTACAG GGCGCGTCCC

     6301 ATTCGCCATT CAGGCTGCGC AACTGTTGGG AAGGGCGATC GGTGCGGGCC TCTTCGCTAT

     6361 TACGCCAGCT GGCGAAAGGG GGATGTGCTG CAAGGCGATT AAGTTGGGTA ACGCCAGGGT

     6421 TTTCCCAGTC ACGACGTTGT AAAACGACGG CCAGTGAGCG CGCGTAATAC GACTCACTAT

     6481 AGGGCGAATT GGAGCTCCAC CGCGGTG

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